SCIENTIFICT ARTICLE (The Increasing of Population Engender Global Warming in Purwokerto)

SCIENTIFICT ARTICLE

(The Increasing of Population Engender Global Warming in Purwokerto)

Created by:
Nur Aisyah (4201412009)

Nur Aoliya (4201412014)
M.Nahrowi(4211412031)

Dyah Larasati (4201412042)

Syarifatul Falah (4201412083)

Putri Nurmala Sari(4201412060)

Fita Permata Sari(4201412062)

Dani Syamsudin(4201412089)
Hendri Prayogo(4201412107)

Muarif Abas (4201412111)

Umar Syarif Hidayat(4201214123)

Yoga Pratama(4201412124)

PART I

PROLOGUE

A.    Background

Purwokerto is a city on the island of java, Indonesia. It is capital of Banyumas Regency, Central Java region. The estimated population of the city in 2005 was 249.705. The large’s of this city is 38.58km². But in this small city, there are 27 colleges here. The Students of that colleges not only from surrounding area such as Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Cilacap and so on , but also from various region. We can imagine with this condition of course the population of people in purwokerto increase. With the increasing of this population , the transportation they need also increase. Actually the motor vehicles produced gasses which cause air pollution and greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect trigger global warming.

B.    Problems Definition

1.     How population in Purwokerto region?

2.     How population in Purwokerto can cause greenhouse effect?

3.     How solution to decrease greenhouse effect that cause Global Warming?

C.    Purposes

1.     To know  population in Purwokerto region.

2.     To know relation beetwen population and greenhouse effect.

3.     To know solution to decrease greenhouse effect that cause Global Warming.

PART II

BASIC THEORY

Definition of Global Warming

Global warming  is the increase in the  average temperature  of Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. Global surface temperature increased. 0.74 ± 0.18 °C  (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) between the start and the end of the 20th century.

Factors Responsible For Global Warming

Global warming is caused by several things, which include man-made or anthropogenic causes, and global warming is also caused by natural causes.

1)  Natural Causes

Natural causes are causes that are created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas and a very dangerous gas to our environment. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years.

2)  Man-made Causes

Man-made causes probably do the most damage to our planet. There are many man-made causes of global warming.

·       Pollution

Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes and sizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green house gas called CO2. Also, mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. How does it escape? Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig up the earth a little bit. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well letting it escape into the atmosphere.

·       Population

Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation.   That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels (if you're into gas burning cars like our planet is), and more agriculture. If you've been in a barn filled with animals and you smelled something terrible, you were smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is needed to feed the population we have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means more manure and hence more methane. Another problem with the increasing population is transportation. More people  means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Also, many people have more than one car. There are definitely ways of raising animals and farming that use no manure and no methane. Once we realized the problem we should have stopped immediately using manure. Instead we choose to continue killing the planet. We are a very stubborn race. Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes the problem worse because we breathe out CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2 to oxygen are being cut down because we're using the land that we cut the trees down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not replacing the trees (trees are a very important part of our eco-system), so we are constantly taking advantage of our natural resources and giving nothing back in return.

·       Deforestation

The process of deforestation is of special significance for climate change. According to tropical forests expert Norman Myers, it leads to the release of large amounts of bio-mass carbon into the global atmosphere, where it combines to form carbon dioxide, which accounts for almost 50 percent of the greenhouse effect. It also releases two other potent greenhouse gases, namely, methane and nitrous oxide.  Maximum change was found on the upper hills, an area under dense jungle  --  mainly bamboo, according to topographical surveys of 1974-75. The major bamboo cutting was done by paper mills in the region with virtually no supervision. Apparently, in order to maximize earnings all bamboos in each clump  were cut, thus restricting the regeneration process. It is important to note that the forest area lost due to bamboo-cutting was far more extensive than the forest area lost due to shifting cultivation patterns At the policy level today there are two opposing trends in India: the pressure on forests is going up as the demand for wood, mainly from the industrial lobby supported by international demand, is increasing; and the pressure to conserve forests, backed by the global environmental lobby, is also increasing. Recently, the government of India has come up with a new bill called "The Conservation of Forests and Natural Ecosystems Act".

·       Technology

On the basis of economic potential, India today is considered to be one of the most powerful countries in Asia. India has promoted industrialization since the 1950s; and in the past decade the country has been moving towards an increasing liberalization of its economy and is making structural adjustments. Today it is considered highly attractive for  investors, as  it constitutes the tenth-largest market in the global context.  Technology has come to be perceived as synonymous with development. It is felt that the way to improvements in the present economic status of the country lies in technological development. But  today's option for accelerated industrialization is geared towards the comfort of the top 15 percent of the Indian population, as is evident from some examples in key sectors.  --  Consumer goods. Technology provides an access to luxurious

consumption. In the Indian context this means access to refrigerators, washing machines and increasing use of such day-to-day items as chocolates, toothpastes and soaps.  --  Mining. India is one of the largest exporters of minerals in the world. It ranks among the top five iron ore-exporting countries, and is one of seven countries in the world with the manganese ore vital for the steel industry. It is the third-richest country in bauxite, the largest exporter of cut and polished diamonds, and a key exporter of fabricated sheet mica, non-coking coal, sillimanite, granite, vermiculite, magnesite, steatite and bentonite. Transport and mobility. In 1995, the automobile industry in India had a growth rate of 23 percent, nearly four times the overall growth rate of the economy, according to the president of the Association of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (AIAM), making automobile production the second-highest creator of wealth in the country.

Global Warming Effect

The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole, and everywhere in between. Globally, the mercury is already up more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius), and even more in sensitive polar regions. And the effects of rising temperatures aren’t waiting for some far-flung future. They’re happening right now. Signs are appearing all over, and some of them are surprising. The heat is not only melting glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting animals on the move.

Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening.

• Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles. This includes mountain glaciers, ice sheets covering West Antarctica and Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.
• Researcher Bill Fraser has tracked the decline of the Adélie penguins on Antarctica, where their numbers have fallen from 32,000 breeding pairs to 11,000 in 30 years.
• Sea level rise became faster over the last century.
• Some butterflies, foxes, and alpine plants have moved farther north or to higher, cooler areas.
• Precipitation (rain and snowfall) has increased across the globe, on average.
• Spruce bark beetles have boomed in Alaska thanks to 20 years of warm summers. The insects have chewed up 4 million acres of spruce trees.

Other effects could happen later this century, if warming continues.

• Sea levels are expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches (18 and 59 centimeters) by the end of the century, and continued melting at the poles could add between 4 and 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters).
• Hurricanes and other storms are likely to become stronger.
• Species that depend on one another may become out of sync. For example, plants could bloom earlier than their pollinating insects become active.
• Floods and droughts will become more common. Rainfall in Ethiopia, where droughts are already common, could decline by 10 percent over the next 50 years.
• Less fresh water will be available. If the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru continues to melt at its current rate, it will be gone by 2100, leaving thousands of people who rely on it for drinking water and electricity without a source of either.
• Some diseases will spread, such as malaria carried by mosquitoes.
• Ecosystems will change—some species will move farther north or become more successful; others won’t be able to move and could become extinct. Wildlife research scientist Martyn Obbard has found that since the mid-1980s, with less ice on which to live and fish for food, polar bears have gotten considerably skinnier.  Polar bear biologist Ian Stirling has found a similar pattern in Hudson Bay.  He fears that if sea ice disappears, the polar bears will as well.

PART III

EXPLANATION

Purwokerto is a city on the island of java, Indonesia. It is capital of Banyumas Regency, Central Java region. The estimated populationof the city in 2005 was 249.705.

A fairness if Purwokerto city of the title as a student because it Purwokerto city very strategic to study than geographical location within easy reach of many cities, especially in the island of Java, the cost of living is relatively cheaper when compared to the cost of living in other major cities in Indonesia, it is also conducive to learning so it is not surprising that each year students were flooded with immigrants who come from all corners of the archipelago. The colleges in both state and private including:

No	Colleges	Adress
1	Akademi Farmasi Kusuma Husada Purwokerto	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
2	Akademi Kebidanan YLPP Purwokerto	Jalan KH Wahid Hasyim 274A 641655
3	Akademi Kebidanan Perwira Husada Purwokerto	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
4	Akademi Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Purwokerto	Jl. Jend Sudirman Pwt 684-4253
5	Akademi Keperawatan Pemprov Jateng	Jl. Jend Sudirman Pwt 684-4253
6	Akademi Keperawatan Yakpermas Banyumas	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
7	Akademi Manajemen Rumah Sakit Kusuma Husada	Jl. HR Bunyamin Pwt 643-408
8	Akademi Pertanian HKTI Banyumas	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
9	Akademi Pariwisata Eka Sakti	Jl. Jend. Sudirman  Sokaraja 48 692028
10	Akademi Teknik Telekomunikasi Purwokerto	D. I. Panjaitan No. 128 641629
11	AMIK BSI Purwokerto	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
12	Politeknik Pratama Purwokerto	Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan 187 Pwt 633-066
13	Politeknik Ma’arif Purwokerto	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
14	Sekolah Pers IAIN	Jl. Letjen Sumarto VI/63 Pwt 637-726
15	Sekolah Polisi Negara Purwokerto	Jl. Letjen Pol Sumarto Pwt 637-726
16	Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto	Jl. Jend A Yani 40-A Pwt 628-250
17	Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Satria	Jalan. HM Bachroen 45 0281-632 938
18	Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Bangsa	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
19	Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komputer Yos Sudarso	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
20	Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Bina Cipta Husada	Purwokerto, Kab. Banyumas
21	Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Wiworotomo	Jl. Semingkir 1 Pwt 632-870
22	STMIK Widya Utama	Jl. Dr Gumbreng 62 Pwt 641-002
23	STMIK Amikom Purwokerto	Jalan Let.Jend. Pol. Sumarto 623321
24	Universitas Jendral Sudirman	Jl. Prof DR Bunyamin 708 Pwt 635-294
25	Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto	Jl. Raya Dukuh Waluh Pwt 634-424
26	Universitas Terbuka Kampus Unsoed Pwt	Jl. Kampus Purwokerto 624-318
27	Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Purwokerto	Jl. Beji Karangsalam Pwt 635-889

The colleges of course is not only inhabited by people who live in Purwokerto and surrounding communities, but also there from various regions. For instance Sudirman University, the university is not only inhabited by people around like Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Cilacap and so on but UNSOED also inhabited by people outside Karasidenan Banyumas, such as West Java, Jakarta and East Java. We can imagine, Porwokerto which covers only a small town with large 38.58km² there are 27 colleges. Of course that the human population is increasing.

Related to basic theory, population is the major man-made cause of Global Warming. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation. Significant changes occurred from the years of the 2000s, which is when the city is flooded with students ranging from various cities in Java to study at universities here (especially in the General Sudirman University and at the University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto UMP). Since then, the economic activity of the people with regard to the needs of students were squirming. Thousands dorm room built for rent to immigrant students. Hundreds of places to eat was established to serve the needs of the students who undergo gastric hunger cycle every 6 hours. Stationery stalls have sprung up. Figuring grow like mushrooms in the spring. In fact, clothes washing services (laundry) are springing up to meet the need of cleaning the clothes of the students who have little time to wash themselves. This condition makes the economy of the town of Navan town grew significantly as a service. At the end of 2011, has established 5 star hotel with 12 floors Aston. In mid-2012, has seemed significant changes in the field of trade. Rita can be seen from the construction Supermall with 16 floors and 2 basement just south of the square Purwokerto. Moro and expansion into Mega Mall with three towers.

In addition to the need for shelter and food, the need for transportation has increased, mainly vehicles, this will lead to increased air pollution. According to the World Bank 70% of the sources of pollution comes from vehicles exhaust emissions .The resulting gas vehicles, among others:

1.     Carbondioxide(CO₂), It is produced by complete burning fuels of motor vehicles.

2.     Pb, include in fuels as anti-knocking, it called Tetra Etil Lead(TEL).

3.     Carbonmonoxide, It is produced by incomplete burning fuels of motor vehicles.

4.     NO_x, It is produced by burning process in high temperature of motor vehicles.

Greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium. The trapping of the long wavelength radiation leads to more heating and a higher resultant temperature. Besides the heating of an automobile by sunlight through the windshield and the namesake example of heating the greenhouse by sunlight passing through sealed, transparent windows, the greenhouse effect has been widely used to describe the trapping of excess heat by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide strongly absorbs infrared and does not allow as much of it to escape into space. A major part of the efficiency of the heating of an actual greenhouse is the trapping of the air so that the energy is not lost by convection. Keeping the hot air from escaping out the top is part of the practical "greenhouse effect", but it is common usage to refer to the infrared trapping as the "greenhouse effect" in atmospheric applications where the air trapping is not applicable. An issue of major concern is the possible effect of the burning of fossil fuels and other contributers to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The action of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in trapping infrared radiation is called the greenhouse effect. It may measurably increase the overall average temperature of the Earth or global warming.

Solution

·        Use public transportation. If it is not necessary at all, save our personal vehicles at home and use public transport there. This will help reduce the number of vehicles that get rid of pollution into the air each day.

·        Greening Transportation. Environmentally friendly means of transportation such as bicycles will greatly help to reduce air pollution in the city, especially with your cycling activity is also healthy because it is good for the heart. If using a car or a motorcycle, you should always check that the machine did a great vehicle and reduce air pollution by ensuring your vehicle exhaust emissions in both.

·        Use of environmentally friendly fuels.

PART IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGESSTION

A.    Conclusion

Increased human population in Purwokerto will increase the amount of food and transportation. Result of increased transportation is increasing exhaust emissions from vehicles can cause the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect that causes global warming.

B.    Suggestion

People should be prudent in the use of the vehicle so as to reduce the greenhouse effect causes global warming.

REFERENCE

Khanafiyah, Siti dkk.2004. Fisika Lingkungan. Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro

Purwokerto - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

http://www.klikbanyumas.com/edukasi/sekolah/universitas/daftar-sekolah-tinggi-di-purwokerto-kabupaten-banyumas/

http://www.jateng.polri.go.id/images/peta_jateng.gif

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_green_house_effect.svg/800px-The_green_house_effect.svg.png

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html

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